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Lumen (lm):

A lumen is the unit of luminous flux, representing the total amount of visible light emitted by a light source.

Efficacy (lm/W):

Efficacy measures how efficiently a lighting source converts electrical power (watts) into visible light (lumens). Higher efficacy indicates better performance. For example, LEDs can exceed 150 lm/W, whereas traditional incandescent lamps (GLS) offer around 10 lm/W, and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) about 60 lm/W.

Lux (lm/m²):

Lux is the unit of illuminance and indicates the amount of luminous flux distributed over a given area (lumens per square meter). Different applications require different lux levels; for instance, task-oriented areas such as kitchens or sewing stations demand higher lux values than general areas like corridors or lobbies.

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT, °K):

CCT describes the color appearance of a light source, expressed in degrees Kelvin (K). Light can range from warm (yellowish), to neutral (off-white), to cool (bluish white), depending on its temperature rating.

Color Rendering Index (CRI):

CRI measures the ability of a light source to render colors accurately compared to natural light. A high CRI (close to 100) indicates that objects appear more true to life, similar to how they would look under sunlight. A lower CRI may cause colors to appear distorted or unnatural.

Beam Angle:

Beam angle refers to the spread of light emitted from a source. A narrow beam (e.g., spotlights) provides focused illumination, ideal for highlighting specific features. A wider beam is better suited for general lighting, creating a more diffuse and ambient effect.

LED lighting refers to the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as a source of illumination. An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. Unlike traditional lighting technologies such as incandescent or fluorescent lamps, LEDs do not rely on filaments or gas discharge to produce light.

LED lighting is known for its high energy efficiency, long lifespan, durability, and low maintenance requirements. It is available in a wide range of color temperatures, intensities, and form factors, making it suitable for a variety of residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

a. Energy Efficiency:

LEDs consume up to 50% less energy than CFLs, resulting in substantial energy savings and lower electricity bills.

b. Long Lifespan:

LED lights have an exceptionally long operational life, often exceeding 50,000 hours, which greatly reduces maintenance and replacement costs.

c. No Harmful Emissions:

LEDs do not emit ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) radiation, making them safer for sensitive materials and human health.

d. Environmentally Friendly:

LEDs are free from hazardous substances such as mercury, making them a safer and more eco-friendly lighting option.

e. Versatile Color Options:

LED technology allows for the production of millions of color variations, enabling dynamic and customizable lighting solutions for various applications.

Unlike conventional lamps that tend to fail suddenly, LEDs gradually depreciate in light output over time. The lifespan of an LED is typically defined by the point at which its luminous flux decreases to 70% of its original output—commonly referred to as L70. This gradual decline ensures more predictable performance and allows for timely maintenance or replacement planning.

4 hr daily operation : 34 yrs

8 hr daily operation : 17 yrs

12 hr daily operation : 11 yrs

24 hr daily operation : 05 yrs

LEDs are very sensitive to temperature & also produce a lot of heat during operation. This heat should be removed from system to maintain the junction temperature within prescribed limits.

LED are point sources so are prone to cause glare if the optics is not properly designed.

Heat sink is required to dissipated heat generated by LEDs during operation. Since ambient temperature in India varies from – 5 0C to + 55 0C so the heat sink design should ensure effective thermal management under all circumstances. It should be made of high grade aluminum & should have no pores (like in gravity die cast heat sinks) providing resistance to heat flow. Garnet uses aluminum pressure die cast or extrusion heat sinks.